![]() ![]() In a longitudinal study examining the domains of socialization, communication, independent living skills, and measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviors, over 78% of diagnosed children were doing well as assessed by proficiency and growth during mid-childhood on at least one of these domains, and over 23% were doing well in 4 or 5 of the these domains ( Szatmari et al. A report examining isolated skills and enhanced perceptual abilities found that these phenomena can be observed in around 60% of autistic individuals ( Meilleur, Jelenic, and Mottron 2015). Despite the well-documented difficulties that diagnosed individuals and their families encounter, enhanced cognitive abilities and positive outcomes can also be seen. The purpose of the current selective review is to highlight theories and empirical work focusing not on deficits, but rather strengths or exceptional abilities in ASD to identify gaps and provide a roadmap for future research on this under-studied topic.ĪSD is a diagnosis that encompasses a highly heterogeneous group in terms of genetic etiology, behavioral phenotype, cognitive and intellectual function, and life outcomes. The vast majority of research and treatment efforts are, perhaps justifiably, devoted to ameliorating social communication deficits and addressing RRBs in individuals most severely affected by the disorder. The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines diagnostic criteria for ASD which include deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs), interests or activities that are present early during development and cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. 2021), with the prevalence rising every time it is measured. ![]() Domains and definitions of exceptional abilities in autismĪccording to the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed in one in 44 8-year-old children in the United States ( Maenner et al. ![]()
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